Man Page a Day

SYNOPSIS

       git-repack [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-l] [-n] [-q] [--window=N] [--depth=N]

DESCRIPTION

       This script is used to combine all objects that do not currently reside

       in a “pack”, into a pack. It can also be used to re-organize existing

       packs into a single, more efficient pack.
       A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with delta

       compression applied, stored in a single file, with an associated index

       file.
       Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup engines,

       disk storage, etc.
OPTIONS

       -a

           Instead of incrementally packing the unpacked objects, pack

           everything referenced into a single pack. Especially useful when

           packing a repository that is used for private development and there

           is no need to worry about people fetching via dumb protocols from

           it. Use with -d. This will clean up the objects that git prune

           leaves behind, but git fsck –full shows as dangling.
       -A

           Same as -a, but any unreachable objects in a previous pack become

           loose, unpacked objects, instead of being left in the old pack.

           Unreachable objects are never intentionally added to a pack, even

           when repacking. When used with -d, this option prevents unreachable

           objects from being immediately deleted by way of being left in the

           old pack and then removed. Instead, the loose unreachable objects

           will be pruned according to normal expiry rules with the next git-

           gc(1).
       -d

           After packing, if the newly created packs make some existing packs

           redundant, remove the redundant packs. Also runs git-prune-

           packed(1).
       -l

           Pass the –local option to git pack-objects, see git-pack-

           objects(1).
       -f

           Pass the –no-reuse-delta option to git pack-objects, see git-pack-

           objects(1).
       -q

           Pass the -q option to git pack-objects, see git-pack-objects(1).
           object. The default value for –window is 10 and –depth is 50.
       –window-memory=[N]

           This option provides an additional limit on top of –window; the

           window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take up more

           than N bytes in memory. This is useful in repositories with a mix

           of large and small objects to not run out of memory with a large

           window, but still be able to take advantage of the large window for

           the smaller objects. The size can be suffixed with “k”, “m”, or

           “g”.  –window-memory=0 makes memory usage unlimited, which is the

           default.
       –max-pack-size=<n>

           Maximum size of each output packfile, expressed in MiB. If

           specified, multiple packfiles may be created. The default is

           unlimited.
CONFIGURATION

       When configuration variable repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset is set for the

       repository, the command passes –delta-base-offset option to

       git-pack-objects; this typically results in slightly smaller packs, but

       the generated packs are incompatible with versions of git older than

       (and including) v1.4.3; do not set the variable in a repository that

       older version of git needs to be able to read (this includes

       repositories from which packs can be copied out over http or rsync, and

       people who obtained packs that way can try to use older git with it).
AUTHOR

       Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org[2]>
DOCUMENTATION

       Documentation by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com[3]>
SEE ALSO

       git-pack-objects(1) git-prune-packed(1)
GIT

       Part of the git(1) suite
NOTES

        1. 1

           git-update-server-info
        2. torvalds@osdl.org

           mailto:torvalds@osdl.org
        3. ryan@michonline.com

DESCRIPTION

       ptar is a small, tar look-alike program that uses the perl module

       Archive::Tar to extract, create and list tar archives.

SYNOPSIS

           ptar -c [-v] [-z] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE] FILE FILE …

           ptar -x [-v] [-z] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE]

           ptar -t [-z] [-f ARCHIVE_FILE]

           ptar -h
OPTIONS

           x   Extract from ARCHIVE_FILE

           c   Create ARCHIVE_FILE from FILE

           t   List the contents of ARCHIVE_FILE

           f   Name of the ARCHIVE_FILE to use. Default is ‘./default.tar’

           z   Read/Write zlib compressed ARCHIVE_FILE (not always available)

           v   Print filenames as they are added or extraced from ARCHIVE_FILE

           h   Prints this help message
SEE ALSO

       tar(1), Archive::Tar.
perl v5.10.0                      2009-08-28                           PTAR(1)

SYNOPSIS

       php-config [options]
DESCRIPTION

       php-config is a simple shell script  for  obtaining  information  about

       installed PHP configuration.
OPTIONS

       –prefix       Directory prefix where PHP is installed, e.g. /usr/local

       –includes     List of -I options with all include files

       –ldflags      LD Flags which PHP was compiled with

       –libs         Extra libraries which PHP was compiled with

       –extension-dir

                      Directory where extensions are searched by default

       –include-dir  Directory prefix where header  files  are  installed  by

                      default

       –php-binary   Full path to php CLI or CGI binary

       –php-sapis    Show all SAPI modules available

       –configure-options

                      Configure  options  to recreate configuration of current

                      PHP installation

       –version      PHP version

       –vernum       PHP version as integer
       SEE ALSO

              php(1)
VERSION INFORMATION

       This manpage describes php, version 5.2.6-1+lenny8.
COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 1997-2006 The PHP Group
       This source file is subject to version 3.01 of the PHP license, that is

       bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is available through

       the world-wide-web at the following url:

       http://www.php.net/license/3_01.txt
       If you did not receive a copy of the PHP  license  and  are  unable  to

       obtain   it   through   the  world-wide-web,  please  send  a  note  to

       license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
The PHP Group                        2006                        php-config(1)

SYNOPSIS

       pnmnorm [-bpercent N | -bvalue N] [-wpercent N | -wvalue N] [-keephues]

       [-brightmax]

       [ppmfile]
       All options can be abbreviated to their shortest  unique  prefix.   You

       may use two hyphens instead of one to designate an option.  You may use

       either white space or an equals sign between an  option  name  and  its

       value.
DESCRIPTION

       Reads a PNM image (PBM, PGM, or PPM).  Normalizes the contrast by forc-

       ing the lightest pixels to white, the darkest pixels to black, and lin-

       early rescaling the ones in between; and produces the same kind of file

       as output.  This is pretty useless for a PBM image.
       The program first determines a mapping of old brightness to new bright-

       ness.   For each possible brightness of a pixel, the program determines

       a corresponding brightness for the output image.
       Then for each pixel in the image, the program computes  a  color  which

       has  the desired output brightness and puts that in the output.  With a

       color image, it is not always possible to  compute  such  a  color  and

       retain  any semblance of the original hue, so the brightest and dimmest

       pixels may only approximate the desired brightness.
       Note that for a PPM image, this is different from separately  normaliz-

       ing the individual color components.
OPTIONS

       By  default,  the  darkest 2 percent of all pixels are mapped to black,

       and the lightest 1 percent are mapped to white.  You can override these

       percentages  by  using  the  -bpercent  and -wpercent flags, or you can

       specify the exact pixel values to be mapped by using  the  -bvalue  and

       -wvalue  flags.   Appropriate  numbers for the flags can be gotten from

       the ppmhist tool.  If you just  want  to  enhance  the  contrast,  then

       choose  values  at elbows in the histogram; e.g. if value 29 represents

       3% of the image but value 30 represents 20%, choose 30 for bvalue.   If

       you  want  to  lighten  the image, then set bvalue to 0 and just fiddle

       with wvalue; similarly, to darken the image, set wvalue to  maxval  and

       play with bvalue.
       The  -keephues  option says to keep each pixel the same hue as it is in

       the input; just adjust its intensity.  By default,  pnmnorm  normalizes

       contrast  in  each  component independently (except that the meaning of

       the -wpercent and -bpercent options are based on the  overall  intensi-

       ties  of  the  colors, not each component taken separately).  So if you

       have a color which is intensely red but dimly green, pnmnorm would make

       the  red  more intense and the green less intense, so you end up with a
       The -brightmax option says to use the intensity of the most intense RGB

       component of a pixel as the pixel’s brightness.   By  default,  pnmnorm

       uses the luminosity of the color as its brightness.
       This option is meaningless on grayscale images.
       Before March 2002, there was no -brightmax option.
SEE ALSO

       ppmhist(1), pgmhist(1), pnmgamma(1), ppmbrighten(1), ppmdim(1), pnm(5)
                                7 October 1993                      pnmnorm(1)

SYNOPSIS

       cp [OPTION]… [-T] SOURCE DEST

       cp [OPTION]… SOURCE… DIRECTORY

       cp [OPTION]… -t DIRECTORY SOURCE…

DESCRIPTION

       Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options

       too.
       -a, –archive

              same as -dpR
       –backup[=CONTROL]

              make a backup of each existing destination file
       -b     like –backup but does not accept an argument
       –copy-contents

              copy contents of special files when recursive
       -d     same as –no-dereference –preserve=links
       -f, –force

              if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it  and

              try again
       -i, –interactive

              prompt before overwrite
       -H     follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
       -l, –link

              link files instead of copying
       -L, –dereference

              always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
       -P, –no-dereference

              never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
       -p     same as –preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
       –preserve[=ATTR_LIST]

              preserve   the   specified   attributes   (default:  mode,owner-

              ship,timestamps), if possible  additional  attributes:  context,

              links, all
       –no-preserve=ATTR_LIST

              don’t preserve the specified attributes
              remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
       -s, –symbolic-link

              make symbolic links instead of copying
       -S, –suffix=SUFFIX

              override the usual backup suffix
       -t, –target-directory=DIRECTORY

              copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
       -T, –no-target-directory

              treat DEST as a normal file
       -u, –update

              copy only when the SOURCE file is  newer  than  the  destination

              file or when the destination file is missing
       -v, –verbose

              explain what is being done
       -x, –one-file-system

              stay on this file system
       –help display this help and exit
       –version

              output version information and exit
       By  default,  sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and

       the corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well.  That is the behav-

       ior  selected  by  –sparse=auto.   Specify –sparse=always to create a

       sparse DEST file whenever  the  SOURCE  file  contains  a  long  enough

       sequence  of  zero  bytes.   Use  –sparse=never to inhibit creation of

       sparse files.
       The  backup  suffix  is  `~’,  unless  set  with   –suffix   or   SIM-

       PLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.   The version control method may be selected via the

       –backup option or through the  VERSION_CONTROL  environment  variable.

       Here are the values:
       none, off

              never make backups (even if –backup is given)
       numbered, t

              make numbered backups
       existing, nil

              numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
       simple, never

              always make simple backups
       This is free software: you are free  to  change  and  redistribute  it.

       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO

       The  full  documentation  for cp is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If

       the info and cp programs are properly installed at your site, the  com-

       mand
              info cp
       should give you access to the complete manual.
GNU coreutils 6.9.92.4-f088d-dirtJanuary 2008                            CP(1)

SYNOPSIS

       install [OPTION]… [-T] SOURCE DEST

       install [OPTION]… SOURCE… DIRECTORY

       install [OPTION]… -t DIRECTORY SOURCE…

       install [OPTION]… -d DIRECTORY…

DESCRIPTION

       In  the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to

       the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.

       In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options

       too.
       –backup[=CONTROL]

              make a backup of each existing destination file
       -b     like –backup but does not accept an argument
       -c     (ignored)
       -d, –directory

              treat all arguments as directory names; create all components of

              the specified directories
       -D     create all leading components of DEST except the last, then copy

              SOURCE to DEST
       -g, –group=GROUP

              set group ownership, instead of process’ current group
       -m, –mode=MODE

              set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
       -o, –owner=OWNER

              set ownership (super-user only)
       -p, –preserve-timestamps

              apply access/modification times of SOURCE files to corresponding

              destination files
       -s, –strip

              strip symbol tables
       -S, –suffix=SUFFIX

              override the usual backup suffix
       -t, –target-directory=DIRECTORY

              copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
       -T, –no-target-directory

              treat DEST as a normal file
       The   backup   suffix   is  `~’,  unless  set  with  –suffix  or  SIM-

       PLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.  The version control method may be selected via  the

       –backup  option  or  through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable.

       Here are the values:
       none, off

              never make backups (even if –backup is given)
       numbered, t

              make numbered backups
       existing, nil

              numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
       simple, never

              always make simple backups
AUTHOR

       Written by David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:  GNU

       GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

       This  is  free  software:  you  are free to change and redistribute it.

       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO

       The full documentation for install is maintained as a  Texinfo  manual.

       If  the  info and install programs are properly installed at your site,

       the command
              info install
       should give you access to the complete manual.
GNU coreutils 6.9.92.4-f088d-dirtJanuary 2008                       INSTALL(1)

SYNOPSIS

       openssl dgst [-md5|-md4|-md2|-sha1|-sha|-mdc2|-ripemd160|-dss1] [-c]

       [-d] [-hex] [-binary] [-out filename] [-sign filename] [-passin arg]

       [-verify filename] [-prverify filename] [-signature filename] [file...]

       [md5|md4|md2|sha1|sha|mdc2|ripemd160] [-c] [-d] [file...]
DESCRIPTION

       The digest functions output the message digest of a supplied file or

       files in hexadecimal form. They can also be used for digital signing

       and verification.
OPTIONS

       -c  print out the digest in two digit groups separated by colons, only

           relevant if hex format output is used.
       -d  print out BIO debugging information.
       -hex

           digest is to be output as a hex dump. This is the default case for

           a “normal” digest as opposed to a digital signature.
       -binary

           output the digest or signature in binary form.
       -out filename

           filename to output to, or standard output by default.
       -sign filename

           digitally sign the digest using the private key in “filename”.
       -passin arg

           the private key password source. For more information about the

           format of arg see the PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS section in openssl(1).
       -verify filename

           verify the signature using the the public key in “filename”.  The

           output is either “Verification OK” or “Verification Failure”.
       -prverify filename

           verify the signature using the  the private key in “filename”.
       -signature filename

           the actual signature to verify.
       -rand file(s)

           a file or files containing random data used to seed the random

           number generator, or an EGD socket (see RAND_egd(3)).  Multiple

           files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character.  The

           separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all others.
       file…

       being signed or verified.
0.9.8g                            2004-12-03                        DGST(1SSL)

SYNOPSIS

       codepage [ -c ] | [ -l ] | -L ] | [ -a | nnn ] <file.cpi>
DESCRIPTION

       The codepage command extracts codepages from an MSDOS codepage file.
OPTIONS

       -c     Input file is a single codepage
       -L     Print header info (you don’t want to see this).
       -l     List all codepages contained in the file.
       -a     Extract all codepages from the file
       nnn    (3 digits): extract codepage nnn from the file.
EXAMPLE

       To  create  a  file 850.cp, with codepage 850 from a file ega.cpi, exe-

       cute:
                   codepage ega.cpi 850
AUTHORS

       Ahmed M. Naas <ahmed@oea.xs4all.nl>

       Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>

       Manpage by Alastair McKinstry <mckinstry@computer.org>
Console Tools                     2002-02-19                       CODEPAGE(1)

SYNOPSIS

       411toppm [-width width] [-height height] [411file]

       All options may be abbreviated to the shortest unique prefix.
DESCRIPTION

       Reads a .411 file, such as from a Sony Mavic camera, and converts it to

       a PPM image as output.
       Output is to Standard Output.
       The originator of this program and decipherer of the .411 format, Steve

       Allen  <sla@alumni.caltech.edu>,  has  this to say about the utility of

       this program: “There’s so little image in a 64×48 thumbnail (especially

       when you have the full size JPG file) that the only point in doing this

       was to answer the implicit challenge posed by the manual  stating  that

       only the camera can use these files.”
OPTIONS

       -width The  width  (number  of columns) of the input image.  Default is

              64.
       -height

              The height (number of rows) of the input image.  Default is  48.
SEE ALSO

       ppm(5)
                                 03 March 2001                     411toppm(1)

SYNOPSIS

       openssl speed [-engine id] [md2] [mdc2] [md5] [hmac] [sha1] [rmd160]

       [idea-cbc] [rc2-cbc] [rc5-cbc] [bf-cbc] [des-cbc] [des-ede3] [rc4]

       [rsa512] [rsa1024] [rsa2048] [rsa4096] [dsa512] [dsa1024] [dsa2048]

       [idea] [rc2] [des] [rsa] [blowfish]

DESCRIPTION

       This command is used to test the performance of cryptographic

       algorithms.
OPTIONS

       -engine id

           specifying an engine (by it’s unique id string) will cause speed to

           attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,

           thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the

           default for all available algorithms.
       [zero or more test algorithms]

           If any options are given, speed tests those algorithms, otherwise

           all of the above are tested.
0.9.8g                            2002-11-14                       SPEED(1SSL)